Solaris, adapted from the science-fiction novel by Polish writer Stanislaw Lem, is Tarkovsky weakest film and, in his own words, his only failure. The story is simple, it is a science-fiction story set in a near future where Human kind has started its exploration of the Galaxy. Within their exploration, they've stumbled upon Solaris, a planet who seems alive. For decades, scientists have been trying to study the planet. As the researchs have all been inconclusive and costly, Kelvin, a psychologue, is sent to the Human station on Solaris to report on the last 3 scientists studying the planet, and, ultimately, decide whether or not research on Solaris must be abandoned.
Upon stepping on the station, he learns that the only scientist he knew, Gibarian, has committed suicide. He died because of shame. What shame? The shame of the Human presumption to be willing to learn about other alien intelligence when we do not understand the human soul ourselves. Kelvin quickly realises that it isn't men who are studying Solaris, but Solaris who is studying Human kind.
The movie mainly fails because of the lack of material. Tarkovsky's cinema is based on emotions that can be transmitted without words to the viewers. However, it proved impossible for the viewer to antagonise with the 2nd main character of the movie, Solaris impersonation of Kelvin's wife, simply because we know very early on that she is not human nor alive.
Tarkovsky will learn from his mistake in choosing the wrong material with his next and perhaps greatest film: Mirror. Mirror is the anti-Solaris, it is the response the movie had been seeking for, it is about the human soul, in this film, the world is Tarkovsky's oyster and, spurred on by the contraints of Solaris weak material, he makes the most of it.
Solaris is Tarkovsky's only failure because it fails to live up to the artist's principles. Tarkovsky's cinema is based about created material to spur the viewer's emotion, intelligence and interpretation. In Solaris, we feel no emotion, some intelligence, but we are left with only one straight forward interpretation.
This is why it is Tarkosky's weakest entry. Anyone really interested in the great director should probably start by Nostalgia or The Sacrifice which are accessible movies and bear everything of the essence of Tarkovsky as an artist, perhaps the greatest artist of the last Century.
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