After over 50 years, Number One's real name (Una) was finally revealed in canon albeit so quickly that it can easily be missed. It occurs at around 40:30 when Pike orders her back to the bridge to take the conn. This is later confirmed the Short Treks episode "Q&A".
The physicist that Spock paraphrased by stating, "The universe is under no obligation to make sense to me", is Neil deGrasse Tyson.
The choice, after more than 50 years, to reveal Number One name as "Una" may itself be a bit of a joke. Though a common name in Celtic cultures, meaning lamb in Gaelic, Una is also Latin for "one."
The iconic "Yum, yum" line inspired and helped form the Star Trek: Discovery re-watch podcast "Yum Yum Podcast"
In a nod to Star Trek: The Next Generation the number 47 is used in the amount of time it would take Commander Burnham to reach her destination in her suit; 2 minutes and 47 seconds. The number 47 was used many times in TNG