The Canada Immigration Act of 1906 (per Library and Archives Canada. Statutes of Canada. An Act Respecting Immigration and Immigrants, 1906. Ottawa: SC 6 Edward VII, Chapter 19) does state in Chapter 33 "Whenever in Canada an immigrant has within two years of his landing in Canada committed a crime involving moral turpitude, or become an inmate of a jail or hospital or other charitable institution, it shall be the duty of the clerk...on investigating the facts, order the deportation of such immigrant at the cost and charges of such immigrant if he is able to pay..."
(34:59) The young surgeon-in-training refers to Middleton Goldsmith's 1863 report, entitled "A Report on Hospital Gangrene, Erysipelas and Pyaemia as Observed in the Departments of the Ohio and the Cumberland, with Cases Appended." The U.S. Civil War surgeon so meticulously documented his data that even without knowing what the agent of infection was, he proved his bromine treatment had cured gangrene. (His work predated Lister's and Pasteur's work on microbes, both published after the U.S. Civil War.)
Prior to 1900, Greek immigration was sporadic, but poverty, war, and political upheavals in Greece in the early 20th century made seeking a new life elsewhere more appealing, even necessary. In 1901, 213 Greek immigrants lived in Canada; in 1911, they numbered 2,640; by 1931, some five thousand.
The episode title refers to Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), or in English, Doctors Without Borders, an international humanitarian medical NGO of French origin that does work in conflict zones and in countries affected by endemic diseases. MSF was founded in 1971 in the aftermath of the Nigerian Civil War. Considering that Dr. Ogden insisted on treating a foreign patient despite being ordered not to, which was in the spirit of MSF, the episode might better be titled "Ogden Without Borders".
Murdoch asks Copley if McBride may have come by his construction business looking for Greek immigrants, Copley becomes indignant saying "Do you know who I am? Copley Construction built this city BY Canadians FOR Candadians. We don't hire people who aren't part of it the union." The word "Union" barely passes his lips before a heavily-accented Hispanic maid named Eliza walks in the room and exposes his hypocrisy. Murdoch raises an eyebrow and gives a telling expression as she leaves.