It is shown that the planet's oceans boil away very fast. In reality when a planet would be this close to a star the oceans would be long gone and the surface of the planet would have become one lava ocean.
In the beginning Isaac says "The sun will not become a red super-giant for another five billion years". Actually the sun will never become a red super-giant at all, but only a 'red giant'. For example, Betelgeuse is a red super-giant and Aldabaran is a red giant. The sun will only become like Aldabaran in the far future. A robot would get this right.
When Dr. Finn is trying to revive Bortus, she uses a defibrillator to restart his stopped heart. That is not how defibrillators work. Defibrillators stop a heart, generally used when a heart is arrhythmic (often as the result of cardiac arrest), in the hopes that the heart will restart with a natural rhythm. Defibrillators do not start a heart that is not beating.
The Orville meets a group of people who have never met anyone outside of their planet, yet the Union language technology is able to translate their speech. The "omniscient universal translator" is an accepted plot device which The Orville inherited from Star Trek.
Isaac mispronounces "drawing" and "drawring." A robot would get this right.
When Bortus and Isaac are having a discussion while flying on the shuttle to the planet, the view outside the window does not change.
When Bortus is running the "doctor's office" program, he discards all his clothing. When he ends the program, he is fully nude, but his uniform is nowhere to be seen. It should be on the floor, not disappear along with the program.
When discussing sexual desire with Isaac, Bortus compares sexual urges to a baby seeking its mother's teat. While it is not known how babies are fed on Moclus, all Moclans are male. (Except for exiled females who are not visible in society.) Referencing a mother is outside a Moclan's normal frame of reference.
Unk tells Bortus that his buddy does not get many requests from Union officers. Unk himself is a Union officer and seems to deal with this friend regularly.