As both an officer with the rank of Ensign and the ship's Chief Medical Officer Doc Rios outranks Command Master Chief Jeter, in fact when it comes to medical matters the CMO of a ship outranks everyone, including the Captain. If he suspected that Jeter was injured during the storm it would have been protocol for him to order Jeter to submit for an examination if Jeter refused to come to sickbay voluntarily.