On 26th April 1986 at 01:23 a.m., there were two explosions in reactor four of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, with the second one being the larger of the two. In the film, there is only a single explosion.
The explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant happened at 1:23 a.m. local time. In the movie, the firemen only appear at the station to put out the fire during the daytime. In real life, firemen also came to the plant to fight the fire during the night.
The quantity of the evacuation buses shown are far too few for evacuating at least 40.000 people in a few hours.
Alexey said that he is sending his son to Switzerland following his son's radiation exposure, claiming that there are no doctors in the USSR who specialize in that subject. This is incorrect. There were various doctors in the USSR, as well as in the Ukrainian republic, who were specialists in radiation diseases. These studies were prevalent during the Cold War after the USA continued developing nuclear weapons.
The numbers on the fire trucks are mixed up. In real life, the fire department in Pripyat used the number 6, while the department at the power plant used the number 2.
While trying to put out the fire at the reactor, the main firefighter is wearing ordinary shoes, not safety footwear.
The fireman does not get sick even though he stands on debris in close vicinity to the exploded reactor and is on the roof for quite a few minutes. However, his son gets sick by standing far from the reactor for roughly a minute,
When Alexey joins the initial meeting about water basins under the reactor, the blueprints show the modern understanding of structural damage to the reactor core (including position of the reactor lid). This information would not have been available until months, even years, later.
A soviet poster at the beginning of the movie announces the eleventh five-year plan. The eleventh five-year plan was running between 1981 and 1985, while the scene is set in 1986.
The Ferris wheel shown in the film is not similar to the one in Pripyat and seems to be much bigger.
The power plant often shown in the film is not the Chernobyl Power Plant.