When Nokes, Birdsong and the other soldiers get in the jeeps to leave the men/town, you can still see the propaganda posters on the wall that were torn down earlier.
When the Italian traitor is buying a stamp at the Post Office, he first asks for a 30-cent stamp. When he gets no response, he repeats his request, but this time asks for a 20-cent stamp.
At the conclusion of the meeting with the general, the subordinate soldiers salute twice in successive shots.
When the professor examines the marble head he recognizes it as the "Primavera" from Santa Trinità in Florence. He assumes it is by Bartolomeo Ammannati, but the bridge is by Ammannati; the sculpture is by Pietro Francavilla.
The DVD cover shows the divisional badge (the buffalo) on the soldier's right shoulder. Divisional badges were (and still are) worn on the left shoulder.
The revision of the Geneva Convention in regards to civilians (4th Geneva Convention) was not adopted until 1949, therefore when the German Colonel is telling the Captain to kill 10 Italians for every German lost and the Captain refers to that violating the Geneva Convention would not have taken place. However, the Hague Convention IV could have been considered in parts, since the 4th Geneva was adopted in parts from the Hague.
When the story is told about the ice slops in Louisiana and the soldiers have live ammo with them, soldiers were never allowed to have live rounds off base, much less their weapons.
Before arriving at General Almond's headquarters, the caption reads "92nd Infantry Division Regimental Headquarters."
This is clearly the Division Headquarters as General Almond is the division commander of the 92nd Infantry division and wears the two stars of a major general.
The statue head used as a plot device is described in the movie as "white marble". The density of marble is about 160 pounds per cubic foot. Throughout the movie it dangles off the pack of the actor, bouncing off his leg as he walks or runs. Also, the actors cradle it in their lap or on their chest made it clear the object was definitely not made of stone.
Just before the scene in which the aerial photo of German troop buildup is presented to the Division Commander, the flag over the entrance to the building is hung incorrectly. The field of stars is in the upper right hand corner whereas it should be in the upper left hand corner when hung vertically.
When the terrified people are kneeling in front of the church waiting to be killed, you briefly see a little girl on her knees turn her head and laugh at something.
When the machine gun is firing at the camera during the massacre, the blank adapter in the barrel is clearly visible.
One of the soldiers was playing with Italian kids saying Up High, Down Low, Too Slow. According to Wikipedia, high fives started in the 60s. It also says, "The 'low five' had already been known, during the 1940s, in African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) as 'giving skin' or 'slapping skin'." This scene wouldn't have happened in the 1940s.
Derek Luke (2nd Staff Sergeant Aubrey Stamps) continually uses the slang term "book" meaning, to leave abruptly, which was not used until the late 1960s, nearly a quarter of a century after the time in which the film was set.
Bishop offers Italian girl an "unfiltered" cigarette. All cigarettes during WWII were "unfiltered".
Many of the German soldiers carry K98k rifles that are missing sight hoods and cleaning rods. These parts being missing indicate that the weapons were likely captured and stripped down by the Soviets during or after the war. A rifle in German service would have these parts.
The U.S. soldier not only offers the girl an "unfiltered cigarette," he specifically offers her a "Camel." He then gives her a king-size cigarette which Camel did not make in WW II.