This episode's title ("The Problem with Popplers") is a parody of the popular Star Trek TOS episode "The Trouble With Tribbles."
When Leela says the class-M Planet should at least have "roddenberries," it's a nod to "Star Trek" (1966) creator, Gene Roddenberry. In Star Trek lore, an M-class planet is one that is capable of comfortably supporting humanoid life.
If Fishy Joe paid Fry and Bender based on the original deal ($1/dozen), they would have made $16.5 billion. Kif states that 198 billion Poplers were eaten.
This is the first time it's learned that Leela's forename is Turanga; it's actually her surname, but arranged ahead of her given name like, for example, in Hungary or China.
Opening cartoon: "Up to Mars" (1930)