His masterpiece is considered to be "Season of Migration to the North", published in 1966. In 2001, it was named "the most important Arabic novel of the 20th century" by the Arab Literary Academy.
He was one of the most prominent novelists in the Arab world. He wrote about Arab and African search for identity, especially in the 1960s which saw the end of colonialism and the rise of nationalism.
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His stories depict characters torn between Eastern and Western culture