- He was a Brazilian rubber tapper, unionist and environmental activist. He fought to stop the logging of the Amazon Rainforest for the purposes of cattle ranching, and founded a national union of rubber tappers in an attempt to preserve their profession and the rain forest that it relied upon. He was murdered in 1988 by ranchers opposed to his activism.
- Is portrayed by Raul Julia in HBO's The Burning Season: The Chico Mendes Story (1994). Julia won a Golden Globe, a SAG award, a Cable Ace award and an EMMY as Best Actor on a TV movie/miniseries for his portrayal of Mendes.
- Is portrayed by Cássio Gabus Mendes in the miniseries Amazonia (2007).
- He was affiliated with PT, the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Worker's Party in Brazil). He unsuccessfully ran to a state congressman position in Acre.
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