After he is first robbed, when Avram walks down the road picking up the things strewn from the wagon, the order he finds them does not match the (reverse) order as they were thrown.
Avram cocks his gun after tripping Matt Diggs during the gunfight in San Francisco but in the next shot, the hammer isn't pulled back.
The mezuzah on the doorpost of the Jewish home in San Francisco where Avram drops off the Torah is facing away from the inside of the home. This is incorrect. The top of the mezuzah should be facing towards the inside of the home.
When Avram chooses not to ride his horse due to it being the Sabbath is a common belief among Hasidic Jewish people, who won't drive or operate anyhing with electricity on the Sabbath. Given the situation Avram was in when the men where chasing him and planing to hang him and Tommy. A Jew would be allowed to ride or to drive a car or do anything to get away. Since another force is threatening his life.
Avram warmly shakes Mrs. Bender's hand when she welcomes Avram. Since Avram is an Orthodox Jew, He is in fact violating the law of "Shomer Negiah" which states that a man or woman may not touch a member of the opposite sex, unless it's your wife or immediate family member. Since Mrs. Bender is neither, he would not be permitted to shake her hand or touch her in any way.
The film's opening title card reads "(Poland 1850)". Poland did not exist as a sovereign state between 1793 and 1918. However, it had existed as a state before, only its territory was annexed by neighbours, so it could still mean a particular territory inhabited mostly by Polish people, including Polish Jews.
Avram loans the Diggs brothers 50 dollars to buy back their horses and wagon. When he finally catches up with them he claims they owe him 200 dollars. This is actually correct, because after he's thrown from the wagon, Mr. Jones says that he got the rest of Avram's money.
When Avram and Tommy are "running" from the posse, Avram waits to get on the horse until the sun goes below the mountain, yet when the pair begins to ride away, they and their horses cast full shadows as if exposed to sunlight.
When Tommy shoots the fish, puffs of smoke can be seen coming from the splashes clearly from the underwater devices simulating the shots.
After the final gun fight scene, the rabbi drops three balls from the rear of Matt Diggs' pistol. With the 1860 Colt Army .44, the balls must be rammed into the front of the cylinder with the loading lever. They will not fall out.
The horses which Tommy (Harrison Ford) and Avram (Gene Wilder) ride into San Francisco are different from the horses in earlier scenes, which were smaller and used for galloping for long distances. The horses in this later scene are American Quarter Horses. You can tell this, because their heads and faces are smaller, while their bodies are larger and more muscular, and their rumps (which Avram would call the tuchas) are much rounder than the rumps of long-distance-running horses. The Quarter Horse is very swift for a short distance. The earlier horses, perhaps of a mixed breed, were used for their stamina and placidness.
The Hawk shown after the snowstorm has a Jess (leg strap). Obviously a wild Hawk wouldn't have one.
In a conversation between Avram and Tommy there is a reference to the country of Czechoslovakia. The film is set in 1850 but Czechoslovakia was established in 1918 as a result of WW1. The territory was then called Bohemia.
When the American Indians are manhandling Tommy at their village, one of the braves is clearly wearing a gold wristwatch with a flexible metal band. Visible at 1:03:12 on the Region 1 DVD.
The movie takes place in 1850. Tommy Lillard holds up a Wells Fargo office in a frontier town; Wells Fargo wasn't founded until 1852.
The movie is set in 1850, and in the early scenes (probably in
Pennsylvania with the Amish community) there are barbed wire fences lining the roads. Barbed wire wasn't invented until 1873 (earlier versions might have been available but were not mass produced and certainly not for that long of a stretch) and was intended mainly for the western United States, not the eastern half.
The film is set in 1850 but Darryl Diggs uses a Remington 1858 Pocket revolver during the shoot out at the beach which, as the name suggests, was not available until 1858/9.
After Tommy shoots the first fish when the two main characters meet, he asks Avram how hungry he is. After Avram replies "Ah, I'm pretty hungry" Tommy takes out a long gun to shoot another fish. There is the sound of a lever-action rifle being cocked, but the gun he is holding is a side-by-side shotgun with exposed hammers. The sound of this gun being cocked would have sounded more like a revolver with the hammer being pulled back.
When Avram's horse gets spooked by the rattlesnake, Avram begins yelling but his mouth doesn't move.
After reaching the Coast of California, Avram and Tommy must travel a day-and-a-half North to reach San Francisco. In one of the next scenes they are shown riding with the ocean on their right-hand side. That would have had them riding South.
When Tommy is giving Avram directions to San Francisco, he says to take a left at the ocean and keep it over Avram's right shoulder. But when Tommy and Avram both arrive at the ocean, Tommy points to the right to indicate the direction to San Francisco when he should have pointed left.
Avraham is apparently an Orthodox Jew. In Jewish weddings, the bride doesn't kiss the groom publicly, and the bride wouldn't kiss any other men, even his friends.
In the first scene where Avram is thrown from the wagon and proceeds to pick up his belongings thrown out earlier, after picking up everything he finally gets to his suitcase and exclaims, "This, you couldn't throw out first?!". In fact, the suitcase was thrown out first - that's why he got to it last as he backtracked.
The Jewish Sabbath does not necessarily end when the sun goes down, but when it gets dark which could be up to an hour later. Also, an observant Jew would not be able to travel outside a city on Sabbath, even on foot, for more than 2,000 biblical "cubits" (~1,000 yards) from the place he was in when Sabbath began. Therefore, Avram would not have been willing to travel, leading his horse, on Sabbath. It is also forbidden to carry on the Sabbath in a public domain (such as a road), or to make one's animal carry. This is another reason why Avram would refuse to travel.
In Judaism, a person is not only allowed but required to break the Sabbath if his life, or anyone else's, will be jeopardized by not breaking it. When the posse is chasing Avram and Tommy, both their lives are in danger, and Avram would have had to jump on his horse and ride until they were out of danger.