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Wilhelm Grimm (1786-1859) was a German author and pioneering anthropologist. He was the younger brother of philologist Jacob Grimm.
Wilhelm was born in the town of Hanau, in the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Holy Roman Empire. His parents were Philipp Wilhelm Grimm and his wife Dorothea Zimmer, respectively a jurist and a housewife. Wilhelm's maternal grandfather was a city councilman in Kassel. Wilhem was one of 9 children born to the couple, but 3 of his siblings died in infancy.
In 1791, the Grimm family moved to the town of Steinau an der Straße, where Philipp Grimm had been appointed as the new Amtmann (district magistrate). They settled in a large house, surrounded by fields. Wilhelm initially did not attend school, but was educated at home by private tutors. He was given a strict, religious education as a Lutheran.
In 1796, Philipp Grimm died in office, due to pneumonia. The Grimm family fell into poverty, and had to relinquish its house and servants. Jacob Grimm (only 11-year-old at the time) legally became the new head of household, and had to undertake some adult responsibilities. The Grimm family was, for the time being, financially dependent on Wilhelm's maternal grandfather and on Wilhelm's maternal aunt, who was serving as a lady-in-waiting at the court of William I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1743-1821, reigned 1785-1821).
In 1798, the same maternal aunt arranged for both Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm to attend the Friedrichsgymnasium Kassel, a gymnasium (equivalent to preparatory high school) in Kassel. By this time, Wilhelm's maternal grandfather had died, and their aunt was their only protector.
The two brothers Grimm became roommates in their school years, and formed a particularly close relationship which would endure into their adult lives. They relied entirely on each other in most matters. They were both hard-working students, but considered as inferior by several classmates who came from aristocratic families. The two brothers differed in temperament, with Jacob being the more intellectual and introspective, and Wilhelm being slower to grasp new ideas, but acting jovial and out-going. Wilhelm suffered from various illnesses, but his talent for music and storytelling made him more popular with their peers.
In 1803, Jacob Grimm graduated the Gymnasium at the top of his class. In 1804, Wilhelm Grimm also graduated at the top of his class. Both brothers next started college life in the University of Marburg. They became roommates again while they were both college students, and would continue living together for most of their adult lives. They shared their books and other property items.
At the University, the Grimm brothers were subject to class discrimination, disqualified from admission in certain courses in favor of aristocratic students, and denied tuition aid. However, they kept excelling in their studies. While initially interested in legal studies, both brothers were impressed with the teachings of professor Friedrich Carl von Savigny (1779-1861). Savigny was an innovative historian, and awakened in the brothers a new passion for history, philology, and medieval literature. Savigny introduced the brothers to some of his own friends,who were leading romantic writers and intellectuals of the time.
Due to increasing financial problems, Jacob Grimm (who was legally responsible for the financial care of all his siblings), quit school in 1805, and started seeking employment in various German courts. By 1808, Jacob became a librarian in Kassel. Wilhelm at the time suffered from heart and respiratory ailments, and Jacob paid for his medical treatments. Jacob then managed to arrange for Wilhem to be hired as a fellow librarian in Kassel, allowing the brothers to work together. Their salaries were rather small, but they had a steady income and plenty of time for research.
An old acquaintance, the novelist Clemens Brentano (1778-1842) asked the brothers to help him in collecting traditional stories. Brentano was working on a new collection of folk tales, but did not have enough time to search for more tales. For the following few years, the brothers Grimm interviewed storytellers from various social backgrounds and collected 53 individual tales. But when they send their report to Brentano, he had lost interest in the project. Unwilling to waste years of effort, the brothers Grimm prepared to publish the tales under their own name. They worked on revising the various oral tales for a literate audience. In 1812, the first version of Grimms' Fairy Tales was published, containing 86 stories. Wilhelm, the storyteller of the duo, was responsible for many of the revisions to the stories. Over the following decades, the brothers kept revising and expanding their work. By 1857, the 7th edition of the collection, it included 211 individual tales.
Following the success of their first published work, the brothers started producing philological books and studies on various European mythologies, primarily Irish and Norse mythology. They became literary celebrities and earned honorary doctorates from various universities.
In 1825, Wilhelm Grimm married his long-time friend Henriette Dorothea "Dortchen" Wild. Her family had been among those interviewed for Grimms' Fairy Tales, and they had kept in touch for over a decade. Jacob Grimm never married and continued co-cohabiting with his brother and new sister-in-law. Wilhelm and Henriette had four children together: Jacob (April-December 1826), Herman Friedrich (1828 -1901), Rudolf Georg (1830 -1889), and Barbara Auguste Luise Pauline Marie (1832 - 1919).
In 1830, both Jacob and Wilhelm were candidates for the position of head librarian at Kassel, but were overlooked despite their fame. They resigned their positions soon after, and took new jobs as professors at the University of Göttingen, in the Kingdom of Hanover. They pioneered the course of German studies.
In 1837, the Grimms were fired from the University, as part of the so-called "Göttingen Seven". The new king of Hanover, Ernest Augustus (1771-1851, reigned 1837-1851), announced plans to abolish or heavily rewrite Hanover's constitution. Seven college professors opposed the abolition of the constitution and protested. They were all fired and deported from Hanover.
Wilhelm and his brother returned to Kassel, but were now unemployed. They relied on financial support from friends and admirers, while working on a new dictionary. In 1840, their former mentor Savigny convinced new king Frederick William IV of Prussia (1795-1861, reigned 1840-1861) to employ the Brothers Grimm. They gained positions at the University of Berlin, and stipends from the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin. They continued jointly working on their dictionary, but each brother started producing individual works, since their intellectual interests had become much different.
During the Revolutions of 1848, the Brothers Grimm were elected to the civil parliament in Mainz, but they resumed their teaching positions in Berlin at the end of the Revolution. Jacob chose retirement in the late 1840s, but Wilhem continued teaching until 1852. They devoted the rest of their lives to working on their incomplete dictionary.
In 1859, Wilhem died in Berlin, due to an unspecified infection. He was 73-years-old. His brother Jacob survived him, but reportedly became increasingly reclusive following Wilhelm's death.- Writer
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Samuel Lover was born on 24 February 1797 in Dublin, Kingdom of Ireland [now Ireland]. He was a writer, known for Handy Andy (1921), Rory O'More (1911) and National Velvet (1944). He was married to Mary Wandby and Lucy Berrel. He died on 6 July 1868 in St. Heliers, Isle of Jersey, Channel Islands, UK.- Friedrich Spielhagen was born on 24 February 1829 in Magdeburg, Kingdom of Prussia [now Germany]. He was a writer, known for Problematische Naturen (1915). He was married to Therese Wittich. He died on 25 February 1911 in Berlin, Germany.
- Karolina Svetlá was born on 24 February 1830 in Prague, Bohemia, Austrian Empire [now Czech Republic]. She was a writer, known for Nemodlenec (1928), The Cross by the Brook (1937) and Kríz u potoka (1921). She was married to Petr Muzák. She died on 7 September 1899 in Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic].
- Josef Svátek was born on 24 February 1835 in Prague, Bohemia, Austria [now Czech Republic]. Josef was a writer, known for Prazský kat (1927). Josef died on 9 December 1897 in Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic].
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Rosalía de Castro was born on 24 February 1837 in Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain. She was a writer, known for The Sea Inside (2004), The Witching Hour (1985) and Pelerinaxe do 'Patronato Rosalia Castro' aos Lugares rosalianos e aitos orgaizados en homaxe da poeta o 'Dia de Galiza' de 1.951 en Sant-iago (1951). She was married to Manuel Murguía. She died on 15 July 1885 in Iria Flavia, Padrón, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.- Writer
- Music Department
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Arrigo Boito was born on 24 February 1842 in Padua, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire [now Veneto, Italy]. He was a writer, known for Match Point (2005), Batman Begins (2005) and Faust and the Devil (1949). He died on 10 June 1918 in Milan, Lombardy, Italy.- Benjamin P. Lamberton was born on 24 February 1844 in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, USA. He died on 9 June 1912 in Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
- Soundtrack
Luigi Denza was born on 24 February 1846 in Castellammare di Stabia, Campania, Italy. He died on 26 January 1922 in London, England, UK.- Grant Allen was born on 24 February 1848 in Kingston, Canada. He was a writer, known for The Woman Who Did (1915), What's Bred... Comes Out in the Flesh (1916) and The Scallywag (1921). He was married to Ellen Jarrad. He died on 28 October 1899 in Hindhead, Surrey, England, UK.
- Mari Jászai was born on 24 February 1850 in Ászár, Hungary [now in Kisbér, Hungary]. She was an actress, known for Bánk bán (1915) and The Undesirable (1915). She was married to Vidor Kassai. She died on 5 October 1926 in Budapest, Hungary.
- Andreas du Plessis de Richelieu was born on 24 February 1852 in Løjt, Aabenraa, Denmark. He was married to Dagmar Therese Louise Lerche. He died on 25 March 1932.
- George Moore was born on 24 February 1852 in County Mayo, Ireland, UK [now Republic of Ireland]. He was a writer, known for Albert Nobbs (2011), Sin of Esther Waters (1948) and Esther Waters (1977). He died on 21 January 1933 in London, England, UK.
- E. Ashley Marvin was born on 24 February 1856 in Syracuse, New York, USA. He was an actor, known for The Clicking of Cuthbert (1924). He died on 27 July 1930 in Marylebone, London, England, UK.
- Marie Larisch was born on 24 February 1858 in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany. She was married to William H. Meyers, Otto Brucks and Count Georg Larisch of Moennich, Baron of Ellgoth and Karwin. She died on 4 July 1940 in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany.
- Santiago Rusiñol was born on 24 February 1861 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. He was a writer, known for El místico (1926), L'auca del senyor Esteve (1929) and La alegría que pasa (1934). He died on 13 June 1931 in Aranjuez, Madrid, Spain.
- Emil Helsengreen was born on 24 February 1863. He was an actor, known for Store forventninger (1922), Leaves From Satan's Book (1920) and Moderkærlighed (1913). He died on 30 July 1932.
- Lloyd Bingham was born on 24 February 1863 in New York, New York, USA. He was married to Amelia Swillez Bingham (actress). He died on 22 December 1915 in Kristiania, Norway.
- Marie Häusslerová was born on 24 February 1866 in Ceský Brod, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. She was an actress, known for Studentská máma (1935), Muzi v offsidu (1931) and Mravnost nade vse (1937). She died on 15 June 1937 in Prague, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic].
- Writer
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Karl Schönherr was born on 24 February 1867 in Axams, Tyrol, Austria-Hungary [now Austria]. He was a writer and director, known for Erde (1920), Glaube und Heimat (1921) and The Judas of Tyrol (1933). He died on 15 March 1943 in Vienna, Austria.- George Brinton McLellan was born on 24 February 1868 in Bath, Maine, USA. He was married to Pauline Hall and Madge Lessing. He died on 1 February 1932 in London, England, UK.
- Jaroslav Maria was born on 24 February 1870 in Rakovník, Cechy, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. Jaroslav was a writer, known for Werther (1927). Jaroslav died on 3 November 1942 in Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp, Oswiecim, Malopolskie, Poland.
- Nick De Ruiz was born on 24 February 1871 in Santa Barbara, California, USA. He was an actor, known for The Unknown (1927), Call of the West (1930) and Wings of Adventure (1930). He died on 21 June 1959 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Caroline Lockhart was born on 24 February 1871 in Eagle Point, Illinois, USA. She was a writer, known for The Fighting Shepherdess (1920), The Dude Wrangler (1930) and The Man from Bitter Roots (1916). She died on 25 July 1962 in Cody, Wyoming, USA.
- Hans Junkermann was born on 24 February 1872 in Stuttgart, Germany. He was an actor, known for Die Fledermaus (1931), Delikatessen (1930) and Liebeswalzer (1930). He was married to Julia Serda. He died on 12 June 1943 in Berlin, Germany.
- Pino Conti was born on 24 February 1873 in Strand, London, England, UK. He was an actor, known for The Old Curiosity Shop (1921), The Indian Love Lyrics (1923) and Guy Fawkes (1923). He died on 17 December 1923 in Holborn, London, England, UK.
- American baseball player, born in Mansfield (now Carnegie), Pennsylvania. His real name was John Peter Wagner. He played semi-professional ball in Ohio and was given a contract (1896) by the Paterson, New Jersey, club before entering (1897) major-league play with the Louisville (Kentucky) club of the National League, Hans (a nickname also much used) soon anchored himself at shortstop with the Pirates. Wagner, called the Flying Dutchman by his fans, came to be regarded as one of the outstanding players of baseball. He led the National League in batting eight times (1900, 1903-4, 1906-9, 1911) had a lifetime batting average of .329 (batting over .200 in 17 consecutive years), made 3,430 base hits, scored close to 1,800 runs, and played in 2,785 games. Wagner, agile though massively built, excelled at fielding; he also led the National League five times in stolen bases. In 1917 he retired from baseball, but returned to the Pirates as coach (1933-52). In 1936 he was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
- Karl Kusterer was born on 24 February 1874 in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. He was an actor, known for Das Fluidum (1918), Zu spät! (1919) and Was isch denn i mym Harem los? (1937). He died on 10 January 1939 in Basel, Kanton Basel Stadt, Switzerland.
- Music Department
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Songwriter ("Pride of the Prairie"), composer and conductor, a charter member of ASCAP (1914) and a frequent stage music director. His other popular-song compositions include "Sailing Down the Chesapeake Bay", "Silvery Bells", "Traveling" (the Iowa Corn Song), "The Grizzly Bear", "Back to Dixie Land", "Black and White Rag", "Sahara Butterfly", and "When Big Profundo Sang Low C" (plus others).- Konstantin Hierl was born on 24 February 1875 in Parsberg, Bavaria, Germany. He was married to Euphrosine Gloß and Vera Hartegg. He died on 23 September 1955 in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
- Daniel F. Whitcomb was born on 24 February 1875 in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. He was a writer, known for Sheriff of Sun Dog (1922), The Hellion (1919) and Battling Bates (1923). He died on 16 May 1944 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Actor
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Victor Moore was born on 24 February 1876 in Hammonton, New Jersey, USA. He was an actor and writer, known for Swing Time (1936), The Seven Year Itch (1955) and It Happened on Fifth Avenue (1947). He was married to Shirley Paige and Emma Littlefield. He died on 23 July 1962 in East Islip, Long Island, New York, USA.- Composer
Jean Poueigh was born on 24 February 1876 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, Midi-Pyrénées, France. Jean was a composer, known for Heritage (1936) and Andorra ou les hommes d'Airain (1942). Jean died on 14 October 1958 in Olivet, Loiret, France.- Actor
- Director
George Cowl was born on 24 February 1878 in Blackpool, Lancashire, England, UK. He was an actor and director, known for The Jazz Cinderella (1930), The Mystery of the Yellow Room (1919) and Betsy Ross (1917). He died on 4 April 1942 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Actor
- Additional Crew
Leonard Trainor was born on 24 February 1879 in Tahlequah, Indian Territory, USA [now Oklahoma, USA]. He was an actor, known for Water Rustlers (1939), The Fighting Stallion (1926) and The Galloping Jinx (1925). He was married to Eva. He died on 28 July 1940 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Dorothy Cleveland was born on 24 February 1879 in Minnesota, USA. She was an actress, known for The Raid (1925). She died on 8 December 1941 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- John Capstaff was born on 24 February 1879 in Gateshead, England. John was a director, known for Kodachrome Two-Color Test Shots No. III (1922). John died on 31 January 1960 in San Diego County, California, USA.
- Director
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J.P. McGowan was born on 24 February 1880 in Terowie, South Australia, Australia. He was a director and actor, known for The Lost Express (1917), Hills of Missing Men (1922) and Do or Die (1921). He was married to Mrs. Kaye Swart Northrop, Leona (Lorna) Haviland and Helen Holmes. He died on 26 March 1952 in Hollywood, California, USA.- Nikolai Massalitinov was born on 24 February 1880 in Yelets, Oryol Governorate, Russian Empire [now Yelets, Lipetsk Oblast, Russia]. He is known for Ekaterina Ivanovna (1915), Poslední radost (1922) and Die Macht der Finsternis (1924).
- Gustav Steinbömer was born on 24 February 1881 in Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands.
- Writer
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- Music Department
Alfred Kjerulf was born on 24 February 1882 in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was a writer and director, known for Sicilianerrøverens Bryllup (1919), Kærlighed overvinder Alt (1919) and The Great Sea Disaster (1912). He died on 28 July 1938 in Denmark.- Helene Wagenbreth was born on 24 February 1882. She was an actress, known for Was tun, Sybille? (1938) and Das Geheimnis der Toten (1910). She died on 12 June 1967.
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- Camera and Electrical Department
Edwin W. Willat was born on 24 February 1882 in Michigan, USA. He was a cinematographer, known for The Covered Wagon (1923), That Something (1920) and A Desert Wooing (1918). He died on 8 October 1950 in Los Angeles, California, USA.- Milos Ctrnacty was born on 24 February 1882 in Kralupy nad Vltavou, Austria-Hungary. He was an actor, known for Pearls of the Deep (1965). He died on 20 April 1970 in Praha, Czechoslovakia.
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He began as an amateur in the Thália Company. In 1906 he entered into engagement with the National Theatre where he played until his retirement. Beside being an actor he also designed as a scenist and directed. He played heroes, character roles and comic figures.- Uno Lindroos was born on 24 February 1883. He is known for Tåg norrut (1952), Kyllä kaikki selviää (1926) and Peski, Lappa ja poliisit (1915).
- Max Barwyn was born on 24 February 1884 in Fayette, Kentucky, USA. He was an actor, known for The Fighting Eagle (1927), The Belle of Broadway (1926) and Bardelys the Magnificent (1926). He died on 18 February 1955 in Santa Monica, California, USA.
- Henri de Livry was born on 24 February 1884 in Paris, France. He was an actor, known for Rocambole (1964), Je suis avec toi (1943) and Un homme en habit (1931). He died on 25 October 1979 in Montfermeil, Seine-Saint-Denis, France.
- Alfred Piccaver was born on 24 February 1884 in Long Sutton, England, UK. He was an actor, known for Abenteuer am Lido (1933). He died on 23 September 1958 in Vienna, Austria.
- Actor
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Bert Lytell was born on 24 February 1885 in New York City, New York, USA. He was an actor and writer, known for Alias the Lone Wolf (1927), Obey the Law (1926) and A Message from Mars (1921). He was married to Grace Menken, Claire Windsor and Evelyn Vaughn. He died on 28 September 1954 in New York City, New York, USA.