In the opening scene, in which Sheldon discovers his account has been hacked, he says "It is time to cry havoc and let slip the dogs of war!" He's quoting Marcus Antonius in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, who is preparing to strike back at Caesar's assassins, but he is more likely referring to the Klingon General Chang in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991) who used the same line. In addition, the 'bat'leth' that Sheldon brings to the bully's house is a typical Klingon weapon.
The name Zarnecki is a tribute to Professor John Zarnecki who was the lead scientist on the Cassini/Huygens mission to Saturn's moon Titan.
Raj says that they are getting offered help on the internet from a "member or the Nigerian royal family". This refers to the infamous 'Nigerian Prince' phishing emails that have often been used since the early 2000s to cheat people out of money. The scam usually involved a person claiming to be the beneficiary of a large sum of money from a will, but needing a deposit to obtain it, and promising to share the fortune if the receiver of the email sends over the deposit.
This episode is actually based on the activity of many people who mined gold for one person, on games like World of Warcraft. This game gold would be used to purchase hard to get items. Blizzard reported this activity on their site.