Henry actually conducted three wars against the French: 1512-14, 1522-23, and the one depicted here, 1543-46.
In early Tudor times when a bride promised to be "Bonny and buxom" during the Sarum Mass in use at the time, she was promising to be good and obey.
When she portrayed Catherine Parr, Joely Richardson was in her mid-40s. Catherine Parr was 31 when she married Henry. Anne Boylen was between 26-31 when she married Henry. Jane Seymour was 26. Catherine Howard was as young as 15 and as old as 19. And Catherine of Aragon was 24.
Guns had been brought to European battlefields as early as 1364. The long guns used at the time of the Tudors had rifling, which made guns more accurate. While wheel lock guns were in existence, the cost of producing them meant that matchlocks were still used. The long gun used in this episode is a matchlock, a wick is lite and that heats the gun powder. With a wheel lock, a mechanism is used by which a spark is created that then heats the powder. By 1540 snap locks, similar to the later flintlock, were already developed.
Though only seen in Season 4, Catherine Parr's sister, Anne was one of very few women to have been a lady-in-waiting to all six queens of Henry VIII.