Property master Tom Day and costume designer Christine Peters constructed a fake prosthetic leg and a harness that pulled Clayton Rohner's actual leg out of the camera's sight. Rohner described the harness as "painful".
David Duchovny's adlib when the cow comes crashing through his motel roof of "Got milk?" was ultimately not used. Director Kim Manners regretted this decision at a later date.
This is only the second script ever written by Jeffrey Bell. He pitched some of his ideas to the production team on spec and was thrilled when they all liked his romantic comedy take on the Mulder-Scully dynamic. As he was new to the show, he had assists from Frank Spotnitz, John Shiban and Vince Gilligan. Bell was later hired as a permanent writer on the show.
With the setting in Kansas and the school reunion Oz theme, this is the second episode this season referencing The Wizard of Oz. Triangle (1998) was the first.
The character Holman Hardt says he accidentally stumbled upon Sheila and her boyfriend "in flagrante delicto." This phrase is Latin for "in blazing offence."