The Battle of Gettysburg was fought in Pennsylvania during the first three days of July 1863. It was the Confederate Army's final attempt to invade the United States and force an armistice. After failing to secure the region, the army withdrew to Virginia, where its tactics changed from attack to defense. This battle (along with the simultaneous defeat at Vicksburg) is often considered the turning point of the American Civil War.
Tony's amnesia, which leads to him becoming a mortal enemy of Doug, mirrors Invasion (1966), when Doug was brainwashed by Nazis with instructions to kill Tony.
This episode takes place in Adams County, Pennsylvania on July 2, 1863 and in Arizona in 1968.
Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) was an Italian philosopher, journalist, playwright and "Renaissance Man", based in the city-state of Firenze/Florence. Though he wrote many plays, biographies, and encyclopedic histories, he is best known for his short 1513 pamphlet "Il Principe" ("The Prince"), a psychological study of Italian heads of state from the time. The pamphlet observes that cruelty was necessary to maintain political power, and its two most famous theses are often paraphrased as "it is better to be feared than loved" and "the ends justify the means".