This is the first episode in which Barney is seen smoking a cigarette.
At the beginning of the episode, Andy says he issued Barney a revolver in "August, 1953. 10 years ago last month." That makes the time setting of this episode September, 1963. Yet, when Barney is locked up in the cell, he marks off the 14th on a calendar that has 31 days in it. September only has 30 days.
Otis mentions another TV show, The Twilight Zone (1959). It and The Andy Griffith Show (1960) were both hit shows on the CBS network at the time.