FAQ for
The Last Samurai (2003) More at IMDbPro »

Yes. He is fired because the emperor, having feared Omura because of his vast wealth and power, finally stood up for himself and confronted Omura about his treachery. He also states that, despite the Samurai culture conflicting with Western culture, they will always be a part of Japan. After Omura is shocked after the Emperor tells him his family's assets will be given the the people, the Emperor asks Omura to take his own life if he cannot bear his shame. Omura refuses and calmly backs away.

Although firearms had been in use centuries earlier in Japan, they were later rejected as dishonorable and by the early 19th century the gunsmith's art had fallen into disuse. But in the Boshin War and the Satsuma Rebellion (which the film is based on), both sides did use firearms.

There are no accounts of ninjas being used by the Meiji government during the Satsuma Rebellion, which the film is based on. It is highly unlikely if they even existed by 1877. The last known use of ninjas in warfare was during the Shimabara Rebellion, in 1637-1638 during the Edo period, which was 240 years before the Satsuma Rebellion took place.