Originally Warren Beatty wanted to play the lead role. However, he wanted Paul Schrader to rewrite the script so he was would be searching for his sister (not his daughter). When Schrader refused Beatty passed on the project.
George C. Scott and director Paul Schrader did not get along, so much so that at one point Scott refused to come out of his trailer and threatened to quit the film. Scott only agreed to come out after forcing Schrader to promise that he would never direct again (obviously, Schrader went back on his promise).
Paul Schrader originally had Scott's character discover that his daughter has been killed in a totally unrelated car crash, at which point he simply goes back home. He changed it to Scott finding her against his better judgment.
The city of Grand Rapids, MI. voiced concern about what was perceived as an "unfavorable depiction of middle America" in its early scenes and the Scott Van Dorn character's overly repressive and harsh nature.