Patrick McGoohan was filming his famous TV series The Prisoner at the time he appeared in this movie. In order to allow him to take time off from his TV series, the episode "Do Not Forsake Me Oh My Darling" was written in which McGoohan's character, Number Six, has his mind transferred into the body of another man. "The Girl Who Was Death" was also altered so that No 6 wore a Sherlock Holmes disguise, so that his double Frank Maher could film a lot of the scenes.
This film was originally shown in Cinerama venues. In order to put it into these theatres, MGM pulled 2001: A Space Odyssey while it was still having a successful run.
In the era before VCRs, Howard Hughes would call the Las Vegas TV station he owned and order them to run a particular movie. Hughes so loved this that it aired on his Las Vegas station over 100 times.
The submarine used in this movie was the USS Ronquil (SS-396). Her hull number was repainted to 509. The first nuclear powered United States Submarine was the USS Nautilus (SSN-571).
Charlton Heston was originally offered the role of Ferraday but turned it down, saying there was no characterization in the script. Gregory Peck was then offered the part and early adverts in Variety magazine carried mention of Peck's casting, together with Laurence Harvey as Jones.
This movie was made and released about five years after its source novel of the same name by Alistair MacLean was first published in 1963. "Ice Station Zebra" was MacLean's tenth novel and this movie was the fourth filmed adaptation of one of MacLean's stories. This film was also released in the same year (1968) that MacLean's novel "Force 10 From Navarone" was first published as well as another MacLean filmed adaptation, Where Eagles Dare. The "Ice Station Zebra" novel was the last of 'Maclean's novels to be written in the first-person narrative. Author Alistair MacLean took a sabbatical from writing for three years after he finished penning the novel "Ice Station Zebra" in 1963. MacLean's next book after "Ice Station Zebra" would be "When Eight Bells Toll", first published in 1966.
Producer Martin Ransohoff bought the film rights to Alistair MacLean's 'Ice Station Zebra' novel in 1964, a year after the book had been first published. Ransohoff had intended to cash in on the earlier MacLean adaptation The Guns of Navarone and had originally cast two leads from that movie, David Niven and Gregory Peck.
Principal photography was originally slated for April 1965. However, the United States Department of Defense objected to some of the depiction of navy life on the submarine in the script by Paddy Chayefsky. As such, this and scheduling conflicts delayed the production of this movie, and the screenplay had to be re-written.
When a new screenplay was written for this movie, the original cast could not do the film anymore due to scheduling conflicts, so they were replaced with a new lead cast.
Unique and innovative underwater camera equipment was developed for this movie by 2nd unit cameraman and cinematographer 'John M Stephens', a former U.S.A. Navy diver, who is billed in the credits for additional arctic photography. The camera system enabled the first ever filming of a continuous submarine dive and this technical innovation produced some outstanding photography for the picture. This achievement was encapsulated in an accompanying MGM short promo film The Man Who Makes the Difference which is available on the DVD for this movie.
This picture is the first of two movies based on an Alistair MacLean novel set in rugged icy and snowy terrain. The second would be Bear Island about eleven years later.
Miniature footage and film sets from this picture were re-used in the tele-movie Assault on the Wayne which also co-starred two members of this movie's cast, Ron Masak and Lloyd Haynes. Footage from the movie, particularly the Tigerfish submarine model, was also re-used for the films Firefox, Gray Lady Down and Never Say Never Again.
The film's story has similarities with the real life events, reported in the media in April 1959, of the Discoverer II experimental Corona satellite capsule that went missing and was recovered by Soviet intelligence agents after it crashed near Spitsbergen in the Arctic Ocean. Spitsbergen is in Norway's Svalbard archipelago of islands which is where both Alistair MacLean 's novel and the film of Bear Island is set.
The movie's plot has similarities with the real life 1962 CIA Project COLDFEET aka Operation Coldfeet. Conducted in May and June of that year, the assignment purpose was to gather intelligence from an abandoned Soviet arctic research ice station. Two agents parachuted from a B-17 Flying Fortress and searched the facility and were collected three days later via the Fulton surface-to-air recovery system.
The word "Zebra" in the film and source novel's title is derivative of the letter "Z" in the phonetic alphabet of the Army and Navy. The word "Zebra" though is no longer used in the modern NATO phonetic alphabet for navigation and aviation, "Zebra" being replaced by the word "Zulu".
In real life, there was no "Ice Station Zebra", but there was an "Ice Station Alpha" which was situated in the Arctic's Ice Island T-3, "Alpha" being derivative of the letter "A" in the phonetic alphabet of the Army and Navy. In the International Geophysical Year (IGY), "Ice Station Alpha" was visited by the USS Skate in August 1958.
Changes made from the Alistair MacLean source novel of the same name for this film included the name of the nuclear submarine, the Dolphin, which was re-named the USS Tigerfish (with the vessel number of SSN-509) and the names of two characters: Submarine Commander Swanson became Commander Ferraday (played by Rock Hudson) and spy Dr. Carpenter became David Jones (played by Patrick McGoohan).
A number of characters that appear in this movie were not in the Alistair MacLean source novel "Ice Station Zebra". These were First Lieutenant Russell Walker (played by Tony Bill; Soviet agent and defector Boris Vaslov (played by Ernest Borgnine); and Marine Captain Leslie Anders (played by Jim Brown). Moreover, the specialist Arctic combat US Marines platoon did not feature in the book.
In one scene Pat McGoohan was supposed to dive into the flooded torpedo room of the nuclear sub to rescue a trapped naval officer. Being a strong swimmer he insisted on doing the scene himself rather than use a stuntman. A change was made to the script so allowing Olympic swimming champion Murray Rose, who'd been cast in another role, to do the scene with him in case anything happened. It was only after the scene was completed that Murray revealed that while he and Pat were standing up to their necks in the rising water just before the cameras rolled Pat had whispered to him "Now I've done it, my foot's stuck". Murray dived down and freed his foot which had become wedged tight in the torpedo rack.